Elbow pain that arises when bending the arm can significantly disrupt daily life. This discomfort can manifest as a dull ache, a sharp, shooting pain, or even a debilitating burning sensation, making simple tasks like lifting, reaching, and even shaking hands challenging.
Common Causes of Elbow Pain When Bending:
1) Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow):
a) This condition targets the tendons on the outer side of the elbow. These tendons, responsible for extending the wrist and hand, become inflamed and irritated due to repetitive overuse.
b) Imagine constantly gripping a racquet (like in tennis), using a screwdriver, or even typing – these actions repeatedly strain the tendons.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer side of the elbow, particularly noticeable during gripping, lifting, or twisting the forearm. The pain may radiate down the forearm towards the wrist.
2) Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow):
a) Similar to tennis elbow, but the inflammation occurs on the inner side of the elbow.
b) Activities that involve repetitive wrist flexion, such as golfing (hence the name), throwing, or even using a hammer, can strain the tendons on this side of the elbow.
Symptoms: Pain on the inner side of the elbow, especially when flexing the wrist, gripping, or lifting. The pain can also extend down the forearm towards the hand.
3) Ulnar Neuropathy (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome):
a) This condition involves the compression of the ulnar nerve, which runs along the inner side of the elbow.
b) The ulnar nerve controls sensation in the ring and little fingers, and also contributes to hand muscle function.
Symptoms: Tingling, numbness, and weakness in the ring and little fingers, often accompanied by pain on the inner side of the elbow.
4) Biceps Tendinitis:
a) Inflammation of the biceps tendon, which connects the biceps muscle to the shoulder and forearm.
b) Activities that involve repetitive overhead lifting, such as painting, throwing, or even heavy lifting, can strain this tendon.
Symptoms: Pain in the front of the elbow, particularly when lifting or bending the arm.
5) Joint Arthritis
Degeneration of the cartilage within the elbow joint. Cartilage acts as a smooth cushion between the bones, allowing for effortless movement. When this cartilage wears down, the bones rub together, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the elbow, often worse in the morning. The pain may worsen with activity and improve with rest.
6) Radial Tunnel Syndrome:
a) Compression of the radial nerve, which runs along the outer side of the elbow.
b) This nerve provides sensation to the back of the hand, thumb, and index finger.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer side of the elbow, numbness and weakness in the thumb and index finger.
7) Fractures:
A break in any of the bones around the elbow (humerus, radius, or ulna) can cause severe pain, swelling, and limited movement.
Symptoms: Intense pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the elbow.
8) Strains
Overuse or sudden injury can strain the muscles or ligaments around the elbow.
Symptoms: Pain, tenderness, and limited range of motion in the elbow.
When to See a Doctor:
a) Severe or Persistent Pain:
If the elbow pain is intense, doesn’t improve with rest, or significantly interferes with daily activities, seek medical attention.
b) Numbness or Weakness:
If you experience any numbness, tingling, or weakness in your hand or fingers, consult a doctor.
c) Swelling or Deformity:
Noticeable swelling, bruising, or any visible deformity around the elbow warrants immediate medical evaluation.
d) Fever:
If you develop a fever in conjunction with elbow pain, it could indicate an infection and requires prompt medical attention.
Diagnosis:
1) Physical Examination:
Your doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination. This will involve assessing your range of motion, checking for tenderness, swelling, and weakness in the elbow joint.
2) Imaging Tests:
a) X-rays:
To rule out fractures or other bone abnormalities.
b) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):
Provides detailed images of the soft tissues around the elbow, including tendons, ligaments, and nerves.
c) Ultrasound:
Can help visualize tendons and other soft tissues.
3) Nerve Conduction Studies:
These tests measure the speed at which electrical signals travel through the nerves. They can help diagnose conditions like ulnar neuropathy.
Treatment Options:
1) Rest:
Avoiding activities that aggravate the pain is crucial. This may involve modifying daily activities, avoiding certain sports, or taking a break from work.
2) Ice:
Applying ice packs to the elbow for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day, can help reduce inflammation and numb the pain.
3) Pain Relievers:
Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and inflammation.
4) Physical Therapy:
A physical therapist can design a personalized exercise program to:
a) Strengthen the muscles around the elbow.
b) Improve range of motion.
c) Teach proper techniques for activities that may have contributed to the injury.
5) Corticosteroid Injections:
Injections of corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation in conditions like tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow.
6) Splinting or Bracing:
Wearing a brace or splint can help immobilize the elbow and reduce stress on the injured tissues.
7) Surgery:
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to:
a) Repair torn tendons.
b) Release compressed nerves (like in ulnar neuropathy).
c) Address other underlying issues.
Prevention:
1) Proper Warm-up:
Always warm up before engaging in any physical activity, especially those that involve repetitive arm movements.
2) Maintain Good Posture:
Proper posture can help reduce strain on the elbows, especially during prolonged sitting or standing.
3) Use Proper Technique:
When performing repetitive tasks, use proper technique to avoid overuse injuries. This may involve adjusting your grip, taking frequent breaks, or using ergonomic tools.
4) Strengthening Exercises:
Regular exercises to strengthen the muscles around the elbow can help prevent injuries.
5) Ergonomic Considerations:
Ensure your workspace is ergonomically designed. This may involve adjusting your chair height, keyboard position, and monitor placement to minimize strain on your elbows.
Elbow pain when bending can have a variety of underlying causes, from overuse injuries to more serious conditions like arthritis. If you are experiencing persistent or worsening elbow pain, it is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention can help prevent the condition from worsening and ensure a quicker and more complete recovery.
For expert elbow treatments, consult with Dr. Vishal Sahni, an Orthopedic Surgeon and Director of London Orthopaedic Clinic.
Dr. Sahni has over 24 years of experience in treating various elbow conditions in both London and India. He is dedicated to providing personalized and effective treatment plans to help patients regain their full range of motion and return to their daily activities.
Contact Dr. Vishal Sahni today and take the first step towards recovery.
Visit one of the leading orthopedic hospitals —Max Hospital, Kingsway Hospital, Shrikrishna Hrudalaya, Arihant Hospital or Neurospine Hospital—for a consultation with Dr. Vishal Sahni and start your journey to recovery today.
Whatsapp: +91 95295 52938
Address: Ground Floor, Berar House, Mehadia Square, Dhantoli, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440012, India