Have you been experiencing pain in your elbow when you bend or straighten your arm? You are not alone. Elbow pain is a common issue, especially among people who use their arms repeatedly—whether due to sports, work, or daily activities. This type of pain can affect everything from brushing your teeth to lifting groceries.
In this blog, let us understand in detail the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for elbow pain during bending and extending. If you are looking for relief or answers, this guide will help you make informed decisions.
🔍 Understanding the Elbow Joint
The elbow is a complex hinge joint formed where three bones meet:
- The humerus (upper arm bone)
- The radius and ulna (forearm bones)
The joint allows two primary movements:
- Flexion (bending the elbow)
- Extension (straightening the elbow)
Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, muscles, and nerves surround the elbow. Pain during bending or extending usually indicates that one or more of these structures is inflamed or injured.
🤔 Common Causes of Elbow Pain When Bending and Extending
1. Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
- Pain Location: Outer part of the elbow
- Cause: Overuse of forearm muscles due to repetitive wrist and arm motions
- Symptoms: Pain during gripping, lifting, or twisting
- Activities Affected: Racquet sports, typing, carpentry, plumbing
2. Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
- Pain Location: Inner side of the elbow
- Cause: Repetitive flexion of wrist or fingers
- Symptoms: Pain during bending, gripping objects
- Common in: Golfers, bowlers, painters, and factory workers
3. Elbow Bursitis (Olecranon Bursitis)
- Pain Location: Tip of the elbow
- Cause: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac)
- Symptoms: Swelling, tenderness, pain while straightening
- Trigger: Trauma, prolonged pressure, infection
4. Elbow Arthritis
- Pain Location: All around the joint
- Cause: Wear and tear of cartilage or autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis
- Symptoms: Stiffness, swelling, decreased range of motion
- Common in: Elderly, or people with joint history issues
5. Nerve Compression (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome)
- Pain Location: Inner elbow, forearm, little and ring fingers
- Cause: Ulnar nerve gets compressed or irritated at the elbow
- Symptoms: Tingling, numbness, pain during bending
- Often felt at night or while using phone
6. Triceps Tendonitis
- Pain Location: Back of the elbow
- Cause: Overuse or strain on the triceps tendon
- Symptoms: Pain while straightening the arm or lifting weights
- Seen in: Weightlifters, athletes, or sudden impact injuries
7. Elbow Sprain or Ligament Injury
- Pain Location: Varies depending on ligament injured
- Cause: Sudden force or twisting injury
- Symptoms: Swelling, bruising, instability, pain during movement
- Usually from: Sports injuries, falls, or accidents
🛑 When Should You Worry About Elbow Pain?
While occasional elbow pain from overuse or minor strain is common and usually not serious, persistent, worsening, or unusual pain should never be ignored. Your elbow joint is delicate and surrounded by important muscles, tendons, and nerves. If left untreated, minor issues can lead to long-term complications.
Here are the warning signs that mean you should see an orthopedic doctor immediately:
1. Pain Lasting More Than a Week
If your elbow pain doesn’t reduce with rest, cold packs, or basic home remedies after 7–10 days, it could indicate an underlying issue like tendonitis, nerve compression, or joint damage that needs medical evaluation.
2. Severe Pain on Movement
Experiencing sharp pain while bending or straightening your arm, or while lifting even light objects, is not normal. This could point to a ligament tear, joint inflammation, or muscle strain.
3. Swelling, Redness or Heat Around the Elbow
These are signs of inflammation or possible infection. Bursitis, arthritis flare-up, or even cellulitis (skin infection) can cause such symptoms and require urgent attention.
4. Tingling or Numbness in Fingers or Hand
If you feel pins and needles, especially in your ring or little fingers, or general numbness in your hand, it could be a case of cubital tunnel syndrome, where the ulnar nerve is getting compressed at the elbow.
5. Visible Deformity or Difficulty in Moving the Arm
A crooked appearance of the elbow, loss of range of motion, or feeling like your joint is “locked” are clear signs of dislocation, fracture, or severe joint injury.
6. Weak Grip or Arm Weakness
If you suddenly find it hard to grip objects, lift light weights, or hold utensils, this could indicate tendon injury, nerve compression, or muscle weakness associated with conditions like tennis elbow or nerve entrapment.
7. History of Fall or Trauma
Even if pain starts mild after an injury or fall, it’s better to get an X-ray or orthopedic evaluation. Hidden fractures or ligament tears can worsen without treatment.
8. Night Pain or Sleep Disturbance
If elbow pain wakes you up from sleep or worsens at night (common in nerve conditions), it’s a red flag. Nerve-related pain often increases when the arm stays in one position for too long.
🩺 Diagnosis of Elbow Pain
An orthopedic doctor may perform the following for proper diagnosis:
- Physical examination to check range of motion, swelling, and tenderness
- X-ray to rule out fractures or arthritis
- MRI or Ultrasound to see soft tissue damage (tendons, ligaments)
- Nerve conduction tests if nerve involvement is suspected
💊 Treatment Options
✅ 1. Rest and Ice
Take a break from activities that trigger the pain. Apply ice for 15–20 minutes, 3–4 times a day to reduce inflammation.
✅ 2. Pain Relief Medications
Over-the-counter medicines like paracetamol or ibuprofen help manage pain and swelling. Avoid self-medication—always consult a doctor.
✅ 3. Physiotherapy
A physiotherapist may recommend stretching, strengthening, or ultrasound therapy. These exercises improve flexibility, strengthen muscles, and reduce stiffness.
✅ 4. Elbow Brace or Strap
Wearing an elbow support brace can reduce strain on tendons and muscles while allowing healing.
✅ 5. Injections
In severe cases, corticosteroid injections are given to reduce inflammation and pain.
✅ 6. Surgery
Surgery is a last resort, often considered in cases of:
- Severe arthritis
- Torn ligaments
- Chronic bursitis
- Nerve compression not responding to treatment
Orthopedic surgeons offer minimally invasive procedures with faster recovery.
🛡️ Prevention Tips for Elbow Pain
Prevention is always better than cure—especially when it comes to joint health. Whether you’re an athlete, a desk worker, or a homemaker, your elbows are constantly in use. Here’s how to take care of them:
1. Warm-Up Before Physical Activity
Always do proper stretching and warm-up exercises before sports, workouts, or even household chores like lifting heavy items. This prepares the muscles and tendons for activity, reducing the risk of injury.
2. Maintain Good Posture and Technique
Poor posture while sitting, working on a computer, or using tools puts unnecessary strain on your elbows. Ensure ergonomic workstations and use the right technique during gym training, sports, or professional tasks.
3. Avoid Repetitive Strain
Repetitive motions like typing, hammering, or even frequent mobile use can lead to overuse injuries like tennis elbow. Take frequent breaks and change hand positions often to reduce load on elbow tendons.
4. Strengthen Forearm Muscles
Stronger forearm muscles provide better support to the elbow joint. Simple exercises like wrist curls, grip squeezes, and forearm stretches under the guidance of a physiotherapist can help prevent strain.
5. Use Elbow Braces or Supports
If you’re recovering from an injury or involved in repetitive arm activities (sports, factory work, etc.), using an elbow brace can provide additional support and reduce the risk of aggravation.
6. Avoid Lifting Heavy Loads Improperly
Improper lifting techniques can suddenly strain your elbow. Always lift with your legs, not your arms. Keep the object close to your body and avoid twisting your arm.
7. Stay Hydrated and Eat a Balanced Diet
Joint and muscle health is influenced by your overall nutrition. Make sure to consume enough water, calcium, protein, and anti-inflammatory foods such as fruits, leafy greens, and omega-3 rich nuts.
8. Listen to Your Body
If you begin to feel discomfort during an activity, stop and rest. Do not push through pain. Ignoring minor pain often leads to major injury.
9. Regular Check-ups if You’re at Risk
People with a history of arthritis, diabetes (which increases risk of nerve damage), or those in physically demanding jobs should have routine orthopedic checkups to monitor joint health.
📍Looking for an Elbow Specialist in Nagpur?
If you are facing persistent elbow pain while bending or straightening your arm, consult Dr. Vishal Sahni, Senior Orthopedic Surgeon and Shoulder-Elbow Specialist at London Orthopaedic Clinic, Nagpur. With over 24 years of global experience in treating elbow and shoulder conditions, Dr. Sahni offers accurate diagnosis and customised treatment plans.
📍Address: Ground Floor, Berar House, Mehadia Square, Dhantoli, Nagpur
📞 Call/WhatsApp: 9529552938
🌐 Website: www.londonorthopaedicclinicngp.com
🎤 FAQs Elbow Pain While Bending and Extending
1. Why does my elbow hurt when I bend it?
When you bend your elbow, several structures move together — muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. If any of these are inflamed or strained, you may feel pain. Common causes include golfer’s elbow (pain on the inside), nerve compression, or repetitive stress injuries.
2. Why does my elbow hurt when I straighten my arm?
Pain while straightening may be due to triceps tendonitis, bursitis, or irritation of the joint cartilage. It can also happen if you strained a muscle during a workout or lifted something heavy recently.
3. What causes elbow pain during movement?
Elbow pain during movement is usually a result of overuse, sports injuries, or repetitive tasks. Common causes include tennis elbow, ligament sprain, arthritis, or even small fractures from falls.
4. Is it normal to have elbow pain while lifting something?
No, pain during lifting usually means a strain in the muscles or tendons, like tennis or golfer’s elbow. It can also be due to early arthritis or incorrect lifting posture. If it continues, consult an orthopedic doctor.
5. Why is my elbow hurting after gym workout?
You may have overused your arm muscles or used improper technique during weightlifting. This leads to small tears in the tendons, causing inflammation and pain. It’s common among beginners or those who suddenly increase their workout intensity.
6. When should I see a doctor for elbow pain?
You should see a doctor if:
- Pain lasts more than 7 days
- It’s getting worse over time
- You feel weakness or numbness in fingers
- The joint looks swollen, red or deformed
- It interferes with daily work or sleep
7. Who is the best doctor for elbow pain in Nagpur?
Dr. Vishal Sahni, Director of London Orthopaedic Clinic, Dhantoli, Nagpur, is a senior orthopedic surgeon with over 24 years of experience in treating elbow and shoulder problems. He specialises in accurate diagnosis and advanced treatment.
8. Can elbow pain be serious?
Yes, if ignored, elbow pain can become chronic and affect your ability to use your arm. In some cases, untreated nerve compression or ligament damage may require surgery later.
9. What home remedies help for elbow pain?
You can apply ice packs, take rest, and use over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol. Avoid the activity that caused the pain and try gentle stretching. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.
10. Which is better for elbow pain, heat or ice?
In the initial days (first 48–72 hours), use ice to reduce swelling. Later, heat may help with stiffness or chronic conditions like arthritis. Use as advised by a physiotherapist or doctor.
11. What is tennis elbow pain like?
Tennis elbow causes pain on the outside of your elbow, especially when you grip or twist something. It can be sharp, burning, or aching, and may radiate to the forearm.
12. How can I prevent elbow pain while working on the computer?
Use ergonomic accessories like a mousepad with wrist support, keep your elbows at a 90-degree angle, and take frequent breaks to stretch your forearms and wrists.
13. Does physiotherapy help in elbow pain?
Yes, physiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments. It helps in:
- Reducing inflammation
- Improving joint movement
- Strengthening the surrounding muscles
- Preventing further injury
14. Can arthritis cause elbow pain?
Yes, both osteoarthritis (due to age and wear) and rheumatoid arthritis (an autoimmune disease) can affect the elbow, leading to stiffness, swelling, and pain during movement.
15. What exercises should I avoid if I have elbow pain?
Avoid any activity that increases pain, such as:
- Push-ups
- Pull-ups
- Weightlifting (especially curls)
- Repetitive twisting motions
Always consult a physiotherapist before resuming exercises.
16. Can I use an elbow support or brace for pain?
Yes, using an elbow strap or brace helps reduce tension on tendons and supports healing. It’s especially useful for tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow, or after minor injuries.
17. Is surgery needed for elbow pain?
Surgery is usually the last option. It’s only considered if:
- Conservative treatments fail
- There’s a torn ligament
- Nerve is severely compressed
- You have severe arthritis or joint deformity
18. What is the treatment for elbow nerve compression?
Treatment may include:
- Avoiding pressure on the elbow
- Wearing a brace
- Nerve gliding exercises
- Anti-inflammatory medicines
In severe cases, surgical nerve release may be required.
19. Why do I feel tingling in my elbow and fingers?
Tingling or numbness in the ring and little fingers can be due to cubital tunnel syndrome, where the ulnar nerve gets compressed at the elbow. This condition needs proper diagnosis and treatment.
20. Can diabetes cause elbow pain or nerve problems?
Yes, long-term uncontrolled diabetes can cause nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy) and increase your risk for conditions like ulnar nerve entrapment. It can also slow down healing of joint or tendon issues.
21. Where is the London Orthopaedic Clinic in Nagpur?
The clinic is located at:
📍 Ground Floor, Berar House, Mehadia Square, Dhantoli, Nagpur
📞 Call or WhatsApp: 9529552938
🌐 Visit: www.londonorthopaedicclinicngp.com